Philip Gerard received his Ph.D. in Comparative Literature and Critical Theory from the University of California, Berkeley in 2019; he is currently a research fellow at the Centre interdisciplinaire d'étude des littératures at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. Gerard's article "Pound Notes in German Markets: Paul Celan, Usury, and the Postwar Currency of Ezra Pound" appeared in the January 2020 issue of Modernism/modernity, and he is completing a book manuscript on poetic transmission and ruptured history with the provisional title Speaking After: Ezra Pound, Paul Celan, and the Modernist Task of the Translation.